结果集排序
结果集排序
时间对齐模式下的排序
IoTDB的查询结果集默认按照时间对齐,可以使用ORDER BY TIME
的子句指定时间戳的排列顺序。示例代码如下:
select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 order by time desc;
执行结果:
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
| Time|root.ln.wf02.wt02.hardware|root.ln.wf02.wt02.status|root.ln.wf01.wt01.temperature|root.ln.wf01.wt01.status|
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00| v2| true| 24.36| true|
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00| v2| true| 25.96| true|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| v2| false| null| null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| v1| true| null| null|
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+------------------------+
设备对齐模式下的排序
当使用ALIGN BY DEVICE
查询对齐模式下的结果集时,可以使用ORDER BY
子句对返回的结果集顺序进行规定。
在设备对齐模式下支持4种排序模式的子句,其中包括两种排序键,DEVICE
和TIME
,靠前的排序键为主排序键,每种排序键都支持ASC
和DESC
两种排列顺序。
ORDER BY DEVICE
: 按照设备名的字典序进行排序,排序方式为字典序排序,在这种情况下,相同名的设备会以组的形式进行展示。ORDER BY TIME
: 按照时间戳进行排序,此时不同的设备对应的数据点会按照时间戳的优先级被打乱排序。ORDER BY DEVICE,TIME
: 按照设备名的字典序进行排序,设备名相同的数据点会通过时间戳进行排序。ORDER BY TIME,DEVICE
: 按照时间戳进行排序,时间戳相同的数据点会通过设备名的字典序进行排序。
为了保证结果的可观性,当不使用
ORDER BY
子句,仅使用ALIGN BY DEVICE
时,会为设备视图提供默认的排序方式。其中默认的排序视图为ORDER BY DEVCE,TIME
,默认的排序顺序为ASC
,
即结果集默认先按照设备名升序排列,在相同设备名内再按照时间戳升序排序。
当主排序键为DEVICE
时,结果集的格式与默认情况类似:先按照设备名对结果进行排列,在相同的设备名下内按照时间戳进行排序。示例代码如下:
select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 order by device desc,time asc align by device;
执行结果:
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
| Time| Device|hardware|status|temperature|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v1| true| null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| false| null|
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| true| null|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| true| null|
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| true| 25.96|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| true| 24.36|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
主排序键为Time
时,结果集会先按照时间戳进行排序,在时间戳相等时按照设备名排序。
示例代码如下:
select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 order by time asc,device desc align by device;
执行结果:
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
| Time| Device|hardware|status|temperature|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v1| true| null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| false| null|
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| true| null|
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| true| 25.96|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| true| null|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| true| 24.36|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
当没有显式指定时,主排序键默认为Device
,排序顺序默认为ASC
,示例代码如下:
select * from root.ln.** where time <= 2017-11-01T00:01:00 align by device;
结果如图所示,可以看出,ORDER BY DEVICE ASC,TIME ASC
就是默认情况下的排序方式,由于ASC
是默认排序顺序,此处可以省略。
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
| Time| Device|hardware|status|temperature|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| true| 25.96|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| true| 24.36|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v1| true| null|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| false| null|
|2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| true| null|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| v2| true| null|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+--------+------+-----------+
同样,可以在聚合查询中使用ALIGN BY DEVICE
和ORDER BY
子句,对聚合后的结果进行排序,示例代码如下所示:
select count(*) from root.ln.** group by ((2017-11-01T00:00:00.000+08:00,2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00],1m) order by device asc,time asc align by device
执行结果:
+-----------------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+------------------+
| Time| Device|count(hardware)|count(status)|count(temperature)|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+------------------+
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| 1| 1|
|2017-11-01T00:02:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| 0| 0|
|2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf01.wt01| null| 0| 0|
|2017-11-01T00:01:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| 1| 1| null|
|2017-11-01T00:02:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| 0| 0| null|
|2017-11-01T00:03:00.000+08:00|root.ln.wf02.wt02| 0| 0| null|
+-----------------------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------+------------------+
任意表达式排序
除了IoTDB中规定的Time,Device关键字外,还可以通过ORDER BY
子句对指定时间序列中任意列的表达式进行排序。
排序在通过ASC
,DESC
指定排序顺序的同时,可以通过NULLS
语法来指定NULL值在排序中的优先级,NULLS FIRST
默认NULL值在结果集的最上方,NULLS LAST
则保证NULL值在结果集的最后。如果没有在子句中指定,则默认顺序为ASC
,NULLS LAST
。
对于如下的数据,将给出几个任意表达式的查询示例供参考:
+-----------------------------+-------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+
| Time| Device| base| score| bonus| total|
+-----------------------------+-------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 12| 50.0| 45.0| 107.0|
|1970-01-02T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 10| 50.0| 45.0| 105.0|
|1970-01-03T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 8| 50.0| 45.0| 103.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.two| 9| 50.0| 15.0| 74.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.two| 8| 10.0| 15.0| 33.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.three| 9| null| 24.0| 33.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.three| 8| null| 22.5| 30.5|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.030+08:00| root.three| 7| null| 23.5| 30.5|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.four| 9| 32.0| 45.0| 86.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.four| 8| 32.0| 45.0| 85.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.030+08:00| root.five| 7| 53.0| 44.0| 104.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.040+08:00| root.five| 6| 54.0| 42.0| 102.0|
+-----------------------------+-------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+
当需要根据基础分数score对结果进行排序时,可以直接使用
select score from root.** order by score desc align by device
会得到如下结果
+-----------------------------+---------+-----+
| Time| Device|score|
+-----------------------------+---------+-----+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.040+08:00|root.five| 54.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.030+08:00|root.five| 53.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 50.0|
|1970-01-02T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 50.0|
|1970-01-03T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 50.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.two| 50.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.two| 50.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00|root.four| 32.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00|root.four| 32.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.two| 10.0|
+-----------------------------+---------+-----+
当想要根据总分对结果进行排序,可以在order by子句中使用表达式进行计算
select score,total from root.one order by base+score+bonus desc
该sql等价于
select score,total from root.one order by total desc
得到如下结果
+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+
| Time|root.one.score|root.one.total|
+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| 50.0| 107.0|
|1970-01-02T08:00:00.000+08:00| 50.0| 105.0|
|1970-01-03T08:00:00.000+08:00| 50.0| 103.0|
+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+
而如果要对总分进行排序,且分数相同时依次根据score, base, bonus和提交时间进行排序时,可以通过多个表达式来指定多层排序
select base, score, bonus, total from root.** order by total desc NULLS Last,
score desc NULLS Last,
bonus desc NULLS Last,
time desc align by device
得到如下结果
+-----------------------------+----------+----+-----+-----+-----+
| Time| Device|base|score|bonus|total|
+-----------------------------+----------+----+-----+-----+-----+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 12| 50.0| 45.0|107.0|
|1970-01-02T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 10| 50.0| 45.0|105.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.030+08:00| root.five| 7| 53.0| 44.0|104.0|
|1970-01-03T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 8| 50.0| 45.0|103.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.040+08:00| root.five| 6| 54.0| 42.0|102.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.four| 9| 32.0| 45.0| 86.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.four| 8| 32.0| 45.0| 85.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.two| 9| 50.0| 15.0| 74.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.two| 9| 50.0| 15.0| 74.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.two| 8| 10.0| 15.0| 33.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00|root.three| 9| null| 24.0| 33.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.030+08:00|root.three| 7| null| 23.5| 30.5|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00|root.three| 8| null| 22.5| 30.5|
+-----------------------------+----------+----+-----+-----+-----+
在order by中同样可以使用聚合查询表达式
select min_value(total) from root.** order by min_value(total) asc align by device
得到如下结果
+----------+----------------+
| Device|min_value(total)|
+----------+----------------+
|root.three| 30.5|
| root.two| 33.0|
| root.four| 85.0|
| root.five| 102.0|
| root.one| 103.0|
+----------+----------------+
当在查询中指定多列,未被排序的列会随着行和排序列一起改变顺序,当排序列相同时行的顺序和具体实现有关(没有固定顺序)
select min_value(total),max_value(base) from root.** order by max_value(total) desc align by device
得到结果如下
·
+----------+----------------+---------------+
| Device|min_value(total)|max_value(base)|
+----------+----------------+---------------+
| root.one| 103.0| 12|
| root.five| 102.0| 7|
| root.four| 85.0| 9|
| root.two| 33.0| 9|
|root.three| 30.5| 9|
+----------+----------------+---------------+
Order by device, time可以和order by expression共同使用
select score from root.** order by device asc, score desc, time asc align by device
会得到如下结果
+-----------------------------+---------+-----+
| Time| Device|score|
+-----------------------------+---------+-----+
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.040+08:00|root.five| 54.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.030+08:00|root.five| 53.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00|root.four| 32.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00|root.four| 32.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 50.0|
|1970-01-02T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 50.0|
|1970-01-03T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.one| 50.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.000+08:00| root.two| 50.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.010+08:00| root.two| 50.0|
|1970-01-01T08:00:00.020+08:00| root.two| 10.0|
+-----------------------------+---------+-----+